Preparing for Ensemble Auditions
by Sarah Jane Young
The excerpt list can often seem overwhelming, and it can be easy to find yourself just running through the excerpts without working on specific problems. Here are some ideas to help organize your work:
First, go to the library and find recordings of all the pieces you do not know or have never listened to. It is wise to listen to more then one recording of the same piece to get different ideas of what you can do, find different tempos that should be attempted, and to find the recording that you like the best. It’s also helpful to listen with a score or the part and to take note of which instruments you are playing with and to get a better idea as to what the bigger picture is for the excerpt. After all, they are only excerpts from a larger work. Listening to the pieces should also help you to hear the orchetra part as you are playing the excerpt. You should try to make the orchestra inside your head louder than yourself, to really get into the piece.
In order to gain a better understanding of the composer's style, listen to recordings of other pieces by the same composer, especially any symphonies, and his or her use of the flute in these other works. It will help you get a clearer picture of the excerpt, and help it to gain a "life" of it's own.
Second, label each excerpt with a 1, 2, or 3. 1 being the most comfortable and 3 being the least comfortable. You should try to work on at least one excerpt from each category a day or so. This way you are working on the difficult ones, but keeping your confidence by working on the more comfortable ones as well, and none of the excerpts are getting neglected.
Third, write down all the difficulties you find in each excerpt. These can be very general (like intonation or articulation) or very specific (going from high A to high F# to B without cracking). When you chose to work on the excerpt, first practice an exercise that pertains to one of the problems in the excerpt. Do not try to cover all the problems at once, just go one at a time. And try to transfer the work you do on the exercise immediately to the excerpt. (This idea comes from FSU Professor of Flute, Eva Amsler.)
Here is a sample excerpt list, with some common challenges to focus on:
- Bach
Mass in B Minor: "Domine Deus" mm. 1-20
- Style
- Breathing
- Rossini William Tell Overture: "Andante"
- Phrasing
- Colors
- Articulation
- Intonation
- Brahms Symphony No. 1: Mvt. IV "Adagio" mm. 37-46
- Power/Presence/Consitent Forte Playing
- Breath control
- Intonation
- Legato playing
- Debussy Prelude to an Afternoon of a Faun: Beginning to rehearsal number 3
- Breath Control
- Colors
- Phrasing
- Prokofiev Classical Symphony: Mvt. IV. Rehearsal K to M and 2 mm. before U to the end
- Rhythm and Counting
- Technique
- High notes (especially C, C#, and D)
- Bartok Concerto for Orchestra: Mvt. II. "Giuocco Delle Coppie" mm. 60-86
- Dynamics
- Articulation
- Beethoven Symphony No. 7: Mvt. I "Poco sostenuto" mm. 41-88
- Rhythm
- High E’s
- Articulation
- Mendelssohn Symphony No. 4: Mvt. IV mm. 1-34
- Articulation
- Rhythm and Counting
- Dynamics
- Ravel Bolero: mm. 5-21
- Low Register
- Intonation
- Legato Playing
- Rhythm
- Strauss Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks: 5 mm. before rehearsal 4 to 2 mm. before rehearsal 8, and 1 mm. before rehearsal 33 to rehearsal 34
- Technique (especially from high A to high F# to B above the staff)
- Counting and Rhythm
Here are some sources and exercises you can use to work on the problems listed above:
- For Articulation:
- Moyse School of Articulation
- Taffanel & Gaubert #4 (Scale Game from Debost's book The Simple Flute from A to Z)
- Amsler Ha-lelelelele exercise (articulate with le instead of Ta or Da to create a softer tongue)
- Reichart No. 1 Slurred then double tongued forward and backwards
- Wye Book 3- Articulation
- For Tone:
- Moyse De La Sonorite
- Moyse Tone Development Through Interpretation
- Moyse 24 Studies
- Dick Tone Development Through Extended Techniques
- Wye Book 1: Tone
- A vocal warm-up played with chords on a piano
- Amsler's playing and singing exercises, such as playing a scale and singing the tonic, and then reverse
- For Technique:
- Moyse Gammes et Arpegges
- Moyse Daily Exercises
- Moyse Etude Technique
- Reichart Daily Studies
- Taffanel & Gaubert
- Wye Book 2- Technique
- For Intonation:
- Moyse De La Sonorite
- Working with a Drone
- Close eyes until the note feels in tune then open and check with tune
- Play with a trusted piano with the petal down
- Play scales and such with a friend
- Wye Book 4- Intonation
- For Rhythm:
- Placing the metronome on off beats or bigger beats
- Amsler's Body feeling exercise (L and R foot)
- Hindemith Elementary Training for Musicians
- Find out the rhythm being played in the excerpt (Bolero is a perfect example) and learn this rhythm, play it with a friend, etc.
- For Low Register:
- Moyse Etude Technique #5 & #8
- Taffanel & Gaubert #7 down an octave
- Intervals:
- Briccialdi 24 Studies #1
- Krueger Flexibility Exercise (see his website in Links)
- Moyse Etude Technique #3 & #6 & #10
- Moyse Daily Studies- I-Z
- Moyse 20 Exercises and Studies #1-3
- For Breathing:
- Reichart No. 1 twice in one breath with a metronome
- Using a breathing bag
- Using a bottle with the end cut off
- Breathing Masterclasses from the editors of Windplayer
- Krueger Breathing Exercises (see his website in Links)
- For High Notes:
- T & G #7 up an octave
- Anderson/DeLaney/Amsler Etudes
- Filas 90 Top Register Studies
- For Dynamics:
- Moyse De La Sonorite
- Wilkinson The Physical Flute
- Make some up!
- For Style:
- Listen to some period instrument recordings
- Quantz and other historical reference books
- Toff Flute Book
Of course there are many more exercises, references, and problems that you can add to this list. This is just to help you get started! When you start feeling comfortable with the excerpt, try playing with a bunch of different recordings to try to adjust to different ideas and tempos. This might even help you to appreciate the fact that when you take the audition you get to play this great music how you want to because you have no conductor and no ensemble.
One of my favorite quotes about taking auditions is from Jeanne Baxtresser:
“I believe an audition can be a glorious experience. The orchestral audition is a singular experience in a musician’s life because there is no other time when you come on stage alone, to play this fabulous music without anybody getting in your way. There are no problems with balance or intonation. There is no conductor; it’s your interpretation of the Debussy, it’s your interpretation of Brahms fourth or Beethoven third—what a great freedom. We should never forget to let inspiration be their guide, or performances will become mere athletic events. I think to bring into an audition the idea of maintaining a perfect standard crushes the creative side of what you’re trying to do. You are indeed in the audition trying to seduce this jury to hearing something that goes beyond technical accuracy, that reaches levels of inspiration. I would want a jury to hear not the player but the music. The music is so great, and if you do a great audition the committee will, I think, be mostly just taken away with the beauty of the music. They realize, ‘My gosh! This person brought me into Brahms, or Debussy, I want to sit by this person.’ If you’re ready and you have all this experience and background behind you, you can just fly, play this music and have a great time, and maybe even get the job!”
For some more reading materials on taking auditions, check out these sources:
- Facing the Maestro: A Musician’s Guide to Orchestral Audition Repertoire by Akos, Burlingame, and Wellbaum
- “Auditions” by John H. Beck NACWPI (National Association of College Wind and Percussion Instructors) Journal 41 (Fall 1992): 4-7
- “Instrumental Audition Processes and Procedures in Selected Orchestral and Military Settings” by Jerry Young from NACWPI Journal 47 (Fall 1998): 4-11
- “Auditioning for a Symphony Orchestra: Advice for Students Seeking an Orchestral Career” by Leone Buyse from The Flutist Quarterly 24 (Winter 1999): 26-30
- Symphony Orchestras of the United States: Selected Profiles by Robert R. Craven
- “Tips for Playing Auditions: Part II- The Professional Orchestra” by Eric Hoover from The Instrumentalist 37 (January 1983): 36
- “The Orchestral Experience” by Donald Peck from The Instrumentalist 51 (June, 1997): 80
- “Repertoire in Orchestral Flute Auditions” by Mark Stein from The Instrumentalist 34 (October 1979): 46-50
- “Audition Hotline Promotes Fairness and Cooperation” by Nathan Kahn from International Musician 99 (January 2001): 4
- “Repertoire for Symphony Auditions: Guidelines for Taped Resumes” from International Musician 82 (June 1984): 10
- Becoming an Orchestral Musician by Richard Davis
- “’Blind’ Auditions Putting Discrimination on Center Stage” by Jonathan Marshall from San Francisco Chronicle (10 February 1997)
- “The 1997 Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Second Clarinet Audition- A Learning Experience!” by Edward Palanker from The Clarinet 25 (February-March 1998): 70-73
- “Audition Time” by Donald Peck from Flute Talk 21 (September 2001)
- “Inderal for Performance Anxiety: Better Living Through Chemistry or Bargaining with Satan?” by Philip Rosenthal from The Horn Call 30 (May 2000): 67-73
- “Spotlight on Auditions: A Look at the Past, Present, and Future of Auditions and the Audition Process” by Jeffrey Snedeker from The Horn Call 30 (May 2000): 35-42
- Audition Success by Don Greene
- The Audition Process by Stuart-Edward Dunkel
- The Orchestra Audition: How to Prepare by Roger Frisch
- The Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra by Colin Lawson
- Auditions are Just the Beginning: A Career Guide to the Orchestra by Wendy Reid